The First World War was the first great catastrophe of the twentieth century, and the Ottoman Empire was part of it. The Ottoman theatre in the Great War witnessed both the demolition and re-making of the modern Middle East. This volume focuses on specific topics which touch upon concrete individual lives and discusses them within economic, demographic, gender, and artistic frameworks. The reader will encounter diverse individuals ranging from ordinary soldiers, peasants, women, orphans to artists who had to struggle for survival within the brutal conditions of a total war. The volume is composed of three parts: 1. wartime mobilization policies and their social and economic aspects; 2. demographic changes, minorities and gender in the war; 3. memory, representation and the end of the war.