The intense urbanization, the increasing and uncertain volume of logistics, traffic, and passenger numbers, and the growing need for sustainability are just a few reasons for the high relevance of last-mile logistics and public transport in operations research.



This thesis addresses the aforementioned challenges by dealing with last-mile logistic concepts that combine different modes of transportation, including public transport, and focus on low environmental impact and low strain on urban infrastructure. In addition, it deals with uncertainties in the flow of passengers or goods while the number of vehicles required and the corresponding capacities are minimized.