This book examines the components of and driving forces behind the gender pay gap, focusing on Germany. It covers the historical significance and measurement of the gap and provides relevant theory and empirical evidence. It also explores three key areas, all related to the composition and forces that perpetuate the gender pay gap in today's labour markets. First, the impact of radical changes in political and economic institutions; second, the significance of occupations; and third, the impact of labour market discrimination and soft skills. The book concludes by summarising key findings, research needs and implications for the academic debate on this subject.